OREAS 161b

OREAS 161b is a certified reference material (CRM) prepared from a blend of primary ores including copper ore from the Mt Isa mining district, Queensland, Australia, and cobalt-bearing copper ore from the Kinsevere Copper Project, Democratic Republic of the Congo. These were blended with barren black slate, high-purity silica, and talc to achieve target grades and an appropriate matrix composition.

The Mt Isa ore represents sediment-hosted Cu mineralisation dominated by chalcopyrite, with subordinate bornite and chalcocite and minor covellite, within a gangue of pyrite, quartz and dolomite. The Kinsevere ore contributes elevated cobalt typical of Central African Copperbelt deposits, with mineralisation dominated by malachite and chrysocolla, and cobalt occurring mainly as heterogenite and within goethite.

Twenty-two commercial analytical laboratories participated in the program to certify the elements reported below using the following methods:

  • Major elements by borate/ oxidising fusion with XRF finish
  • LOI at 1000 °C using a muffle furnace or thermogravimetric analyser (TGA)
  • Full ICP-OES and MS elemental suites by peroxide fusion
  • Full ICP-OES and MS elemental suites by 4-acid (HCl-HNO3-HF-HClO4) digestion
  • Full ICP-OES and MS elemental suites by aqua regia digestion
  • Total C and Total S by infrared combustion furnace

Homogeneity was evaluated using 12 subsamples analysed by oxidising fusion with X-ray fluorescence finish. ANOVA was applied to duplicates from six test units to compare within- and between-unit variances, providing a statistical measure of batch homogeneity.

Analyte Certified Value 1SD Expanded Uncertainty Low Expanded Uncertainty High Method
Cu, Copper (wt.%) 0.409 0.011 0.397 0.421 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Fe, Iron (wt.%) 1.50 0.041 1.46 1.54 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Co, Cobalt (ppm) 123 6 117 128 4-Acid Digestion
Al2O3, Aluminium(III) oxide (wt.%) 3.10 0.074 3.01 3.20 Borate Fusion XRF
BaO, Barium oxide (ppm) 516 87 406 627 Borate Fusion XRF
CaO, Calcium oxide (wt.%) 0.806 0.019 0.787 0.826 Borate Fusion XRF
Cu, Copper (wt.%) 0.419 0.015 0.406 0.432 Borate Fusion XRF
Fe2O3, Iron(III) oxide (wt.%) 2.15 0.057 2.11 2.19 Borate Fusion XRF
K2O, Potassium oxide (wt.%) 0.720 0.019 0.705 0.735 Borate Fusion XRF
MgO, Magnesium oxide (wt.%) 3.74 0.095 3.67 3.81 Borate Fusion XRF
P2O5, Phosphorus(V) oxide (wt.%) 0.043 0.009 0.027 0.059 Borate Fusion XRF
S, Sulphur (wt.%) 0.722 0.029 0.702 0.743 Borate Fusion XRF
SiO2, Silicon dioxide (wt.%) 85.27 1.140 84.21 86.34 Borate Fusion XRF
TiO2, Titanium dioxide (wt.%) 0.144 0.010 0.122 0.167 Borate Fusion XRF
Zn, Zinc (ppm) < 100 IND IND IND Borate Fusion XRF
LOI1000, Loss on ignition @1000 °C (wt.%) 2.71 0.270 2.49 2.92 Thermogravimetry
C, Carbon (wt.%) 0.603 0.029 0.584 0.623 Infrared Combustion
S, Sulphur (wt.%) 0.717 0.015 0.705 0.729 Infrared Combustion
Al, Aluminium (wt.%) 1.65 0.040 1.60 1.70 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
As, Arsenic (ppm) 60 2.4 56 64 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ba, Barium (ppm) 466 25 436 495 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Bi, Bismuth (ppm) 4.02 0.208 3.67 4.37 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ca, Calcium (wt.%) 0.593 0.028 0.568 0.619 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Cd, Cadmium (ppm) < 10.0 IND IND IND Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ce, Cerium (ppm) 24.1 1.68 22.2 25.9 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Co, Cobalt (ppm) 123 5 116 131 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Cr, Chromium (ppm) 45.6 19.8 24.9 66.3 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Cs, Caesium (ppm) 1.01 0.063 0.85 1.17 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Dy, Dysprosium (ppm) 1.49 0.089 1.31 1.67 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Er, Erbium (ppm) 0.87 0.047 0.77 0.97 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Eu, Europium (ppm) 0.31 0.030 0.25 0.38 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ga, Gallium (ppm) 5.07 0.133 4.81 5.32 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Gd, Gadolinium (ppm) 1.68 0.121 1.53 1.83 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ge, Germanium (ppm) 1.17 0.23 0.90 1.44 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ho, Holmium (ppm) 0.30 0.023 0.27 0.34 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
In, Indium (ppm) 0.29 0.03 0.22 0.35 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
K, Potassium (wt.%) 0.639 0.040 0.590 0.689 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
La, Lanthanum (ppm) 12.1 1.07 10.8 13.5 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Li, Lithium (ppm) 13.3 1.30 11.7 15.0 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Lu, Lutetium (ppm) 0.13 0.02 0.10 0.16 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) 2.25 0.063 2.19 2.31 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Mn, Manganese (wt.%) 0.010 0.002 0.009 0.011 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Nb, Niobium (ppm) 4.43 1.18 2.88 5.97 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Nd, Neodymium (ppm) 10.3 0.68 9.3 11.3 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
P, Phosphorus (wt.%) 0.022 0.002 0.019 0.024 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Pb, Lead (ppm) 19.8 3.2 15.9 23.6 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Pr, Praseodymium (ppm) 2.70 0.206 2.47 2.94 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Rb, Rubidium (ppm) 32.2 1.01 30.8 33.7 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
S, Sulphur (wt.%) 0.732 0.043 0.698 0.766 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Sb, Antimony (ppm) 2.93 0.35 2.41 3.44 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Si, Silicon (wt.%) 40.24 1.194 39.21 41.27 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Sm, Samarium (ppm) 1.96 0.155 1.80 2.13 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Sr, Strontium (ppm) 21.0 4.8 16.7 25.3 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Tb, Terbium (ppm) 0.26 0.017 0.23 0.28 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Th, Thorium (ppm) 3.80 0.268 3.42 4.18 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ti, Titanium (wt.%) 0.086 0.004 0.082 0.090 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Tl, Thallium (ppm) 0.54 0.048 0.46 0.62 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Tm, Thulium (ppm) 0.12 0.011 0.10 0.14 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
U, Uranium (ppm) 1.50 0.054 1.39 1.62 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
V, Vanadium (ppm) 45.8 2.39 41.8 49.7 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Y, Yttrium (ppm) 8.61 0.427 7.91 9.31 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Yb, Ytterbium (ppm) 0.80 0.056 0.69 0.90 Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Zn, Zinc (ppm) < 100 IND IND IND Borate / Peroxide Fusion ICP
Ag, Silver (ppm) 0.919 0.060 0.864 0.974 4-Acid Digestion
Al, Aluminium (wt.%) 1.62 0.040 1.58 1.65 4-Acid Digestion
As, Arsenic (ppm) 57 2.1 55 59 4-Acid Digestion
Ba, Barium (ppm) 454 18 438 470 4-Acid Digestion
Be, Beryllium (ppm) 0.68 0.039 0.65 0.72 4-Acid Digestion
Bi, Bismuth (ppm) 3.75 0.228 3.58 3.92 4-Acid Digestion
Ca, Calcium (wt.%) 0.591 0.024 0.575 0.607 4-Acid Digestion
Cd, Cadmium (ppm) 0.11 0.02 0.10 0.13 4-Acid Digestion
Ce, Cerium (ppm) 24.1 2.01 22.8 25.4 4-Acid Digestion
Cr, Chromium (ppm) 20.9 4.1 17.8 23.9 4-Acid Digestion
Cs, Caesium (ppm) 0.91 0.080 0.83 0.99 4-Acid Digestion
Cu, Copper (wt.%) 0.415 0.014 0.405 0.426 4-Acid Digestion
Dy, Dysprosium (ppm) 1.06 0.11 0.92 1.20 4-Acid Digestion
Er, Erbium (ppm) 0.53 0.09 0.40 0.65 4-Acid Digestion
Eu, Europium (ppm) 0.31 0.024 0.27 0.34 4-Acid Digestion
Fe, Iron (wt.%) 1.50 0.042 1.47 1.54 4-Acid Digestion
Ga, Gallium (ppm) 4.92 0.258 4.70 5.13 4-Acid Digestion
Gd, Gadolinium (ppm) 1.46 0.093 1.30 1.63 4-Acid Digestion
Hf, Hafnium (ppm) 0.70 0.055 0.62 0.79 4-Acid Digestion
Ho, Holmium (ppm) 0.21 0.012 0.19 0.23 4-Acid Digestion
In, Indium (ppm) 0.27 0.018 0.25 0.28 4-Acid Digestion
K, Potassium (wt.%) 0.605 0.024 0.588 0.622 4-Acid Digestion
La, Lanthanum (ppm) 11.6 0.88 10.9 12.4 4-Acid Digestion
Li, Lithium (ppm) 13.7 1.23 12.7 14.7 4-Acid Digestion
Lu, Lutetium (ppm) 0.080 0.014 0.062 0.097 4-Acid Digestion
Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) 2.26 0.077 2.20 2.32 4-Acid Digestion
Mn, Manganese (wt.%) 0.011 0.000 0.011 0.011 4-Acid Digestion
Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) 1.24 0.061 1.15 1.32 4-Acid Digestion
Na, Sodium (wt.%) 0.025 0.005 0.023 0.028 4-Acid Digestion
Nb, Niobium (ppm) 1.64 0.27 1.44 1.84 4-Acid Digestion
Nd, Neodymium (ppm) 10.1 0.59 9.1 11.1 4-Acid Digestion
Ni, Nickel (ppm) 10.5 0.67 9.9 11.1 4-Acid Digestion
P, Phosphorus (wt.%) 0.020 0.001 0.019 0.021 4-Acid Digestion
Pb, Lead (ppm) 15.8 1.15 14.6 17.0 4-Acid Digestion
Pr, Praseodymium (ppm) 2.75 0.143 2.55 2.94 4-Acid Digestion
Rb, Rubidium (ppm) 32.2 1.98 30.8 33.7 4-Acid Digestion
S, Sulphur (wt.%) 0.745 0.018 0.727 0.763 4-Acid Digestion
Sb, Antimony (ppm) 2.71 0.245 2.55 2.87 4-Acid Digestion
Sc, Scandium (ppm) 2.86 0.123 2.72 3.00 4-Acid Digestion
Se, Selenium (ppm) 1.01 0.18 0.91 1.11 4-Acid Digestion
Sm, Samarium (ppm) 1.86 0.23 1.56 2.15 4-Acid Digestion
Sn, Tin (ppm) 1.12 0.081 1.03 1.20 4-Acid Digestion
Sr, Strontium (ppm) 15.2 0.69 14.6 15.8 4-Acid Digestion
Tb, Terbium (ppm) 0.20 0.018 0.17 0.22 4-Acid Digestion
Th, Thorium (ppm) 3.65 0.171 3.51 3.79 4-Acid Digestion
Ti, Titanium (wt.%) 0.064 0.008 0.060 0.069 4-Acid Digestion
Tl, Thallium (ppm) 0.50 0.034 0.47 0.54 4-Acid Digestion
U, Uranium (ppm) 1.37 0.096 1.27 1.47 4-Acid Digestion
V, Vanadium (ppm) 43.4 1.85 41.8 45.1 4-Acid Digestion
W, Tungsten (ppm) 0.76 0.12 0.63 0.88 4-Acid Digestion
Y, Yttrium (ppm) 5.08 0.55 4.70 5.46 4-Acid Digestion
Yb, Ytterbium (ppm) 0.52 0.10 0.40 0.65 4-Acid Digestion
Zn, Zinc (ppm) 15.3 2.7 13.6 17.1 4-Acid Digestion
Zr, Zirconium (ppm) 24.5 2.34 22.5 26.5 4-Acid Digestion
Ag, Silver (ppm) 0.869 0.047 0.809 0.928 Aqua Regia Digestion
Al, Aluminium (wt.%) 0.205 0.043 0.180 0.229 Aqua Regia Digestion
As, Arsenic (ppm) 57 2.5 55 59 Aqua Regia Digestion
B, Boron (ppm) < 10.0 IND IND IND Aqua Regia Digestion
Ba, Barium (ppm) 57 8 50 63 Aqua Regia Digestion
Be, Beryllium (ppm) 0.17 0.02 0.15 0.19 Aqua Regia Digestion
Bi, Bismuth (ppm) 3.65 0.250 3.44 3.86 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ca, Calcium (wt.%) 0.587 0.023 0.565 0.609 Aqua Regia Digestion
Cd, Cadmium (ppm) 0.11 0.01 0.09 0.12 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ce, Cerium (ppm) 16.0 2.1 14.3 17.6 Aqua Regia Digestion
Co, Cobalt (ppm) 116 9 110 122 Aqua Regia Digestion
Cr, Chromium (ppm) 7.97 0.795 6.95 8.99 Aqua Regia Digestion
Cs, Caesium (ppm) 0.29 0.03 0.26 0.32 Aqua Regia Digestion
Cu, Copper (wt.%) 0.410 0.011 0.399 0.421 Aqua Regia Digestion
Dy, Dysprosium (ppm) 0.58 0.08 0.46 0.71 Aqua Regia Digestion
Fe, Iron (wt.%) 1.40 0.054 1.34 1.46 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ga, Gallium (ppm) 0.75 0.14 0.63 0.87 Aqua Regia Digestion
Gd, Gadolinium (ppm) 0.97 0.18 0.72 1.22 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ge, Germanium (ppm) < 0.050 IND IND IND Aqua Regia Digestion
Hf, Hafnium (ppm) 0.10 0.006 0.10 0.11 Aqua Regia Digestion
Hg, Mercury (ppm) 0.022 0.006 0.012 0.032 Aqua Regia Digestion
In, Indium (ppm) 0.24 0.012 0.23 0.25 Aqua Regia Digestion
K, Potassium (wt.%) 0.063 0.010 0.055 0.071 Aqua Regia Digestion
La, Lanthanum (ppm) 6.62 1.24 5.83 7.41 Aqua Regia Digestion
Li, Lithium (ppm) 2.09 0.39 1.73 2.46 Aqua Regia Digestion
Mg, Magnesium (wt.%) 0.408 0.019 0.391 0.424 Aqua Regia Digestion
Mn, Manganese (wt.%) 0.010 0.001 0.010 0.011 Aqua Regia Digestion
Mo, Molybdenum (ppm) 1.18 0.088 1.09 1.28 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ni, Nickel (ppm) 9.10 0.710 8.65 9.56 Aqua Regia Digestion
P, Phosphorus (wt.%) 0.018 0.001 0.017 0.019 Aqua Regia Digestion
Pb, Lead (ppm) 13.4 0.77 12.7 14.1 Aqua Regia Digestion
Rb, Rubidium (ppm) 3.35 0.34 3.07 3.63 Aqua Regia Digestion
S, Sulphur (wt.%) 0.734 0.043 0.708 0.760 Aqua Regia Digestion
Sb, Antimony (ppm) 2.01 0.34 1.83 2.18 Aqua Regia Digestion
Sc, Scandium (ppm) 0.60 0.10 0.50 0.69 Aqua Regia Digestion
Se, Selenium (ppm) 0.95 0.11 0.81 1.08 Aqua Regia Digestion
Sm, Samarium (ppm) 1.22 0.25 0.81 1.63 Aqua Regia Digestion
Sn, Tin (ppm) 0.45 0.06 0.40 0.51 Aqua Regia Digestion
Sr, Strontium (ppm) 4.42 0.87 3.70 5.14 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ta, Tantalum (ppm) < 0.010 IND IND IND Aqua Regia Digestion
Th, Thorium (ppm) 2.11 0.152 1.98 2.23 Aqua Regia Digestion
Ti, Titanium (ppm) 19.6 4.6 13.3 25.9 Aqua Regia Digestion
Tl, Thallium (ppm) 0.32 0.025 0.30 0.35 Aqua Regia Digestion
U, Uranium (ppm) 0.73 0.031 0.69 0.77 Aqua Regia Digestion
V, Vanadium (ppm) 6.98 0.96 6.10 7.87 Aqua Regia Digestion
W, Tungsten (ppm) 0.23 0.04 0.18 0.29 Aqua Regia Digestion
Y, Yttrium (ppm) 2.06 0.166 1.92 2.19 Aqua Regia Digestion
Zn, Zinc (ppm) 13.0 1.7 11.9 14.1 Aqua Regia Digestion
Zr, Zirconium (ppm) 3.15 0.32 2.89 3.40 Aqua Regia Digestion
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